Efeito do estresse mineral induzido por fontes e doses de potássio na produção de raízes em plantas de berinjela (Solanum melongena L.)

This study was carried out at the Department of Plant Production, Sector Horticulture, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil in order to evaluate the effect of sources and increasing doses of potassium in roots of eggplant. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 4 (two sources of potassium: KCl and K(2)SO(4) and four doses of K(2)O, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha(-1)) and three replications. For the experiment, we used Oxisol medium texture (615 g of sand, 45 g of silt and 340 g of clay per kg soil). The soil passed through sieve of 5 mm and packed in plastic pots with a capacity of 32 liters of soil where plants were grown. The pots were distributed with a spacing of 0,63 m between plants and 1,0 m between rows each pot being grown with a plant. The evaluated characteristics were: root dry mass and volume of the root. It was concluded that sources and excessive doses of mineral K(2)O induces stress in eggplants and affect the roots being less harmful K(2)SO(4) source.

Calcium silicate and organic mineral fertilizer applications reduce phytophagy by Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on eggplants (Solanum melongena L.)

Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a phytophagous insect associated with the reduction of eggplant productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium silicate and/or an organic mineral fertilizer, together or separately, in increasing the resistance of eggplants to T. palmi. The treatments were calcium silicate, organic mineral fertilizer, calcium silicate associated with this fertilizer and the control. Mortality and number of lesions caused by nymphs of this insect on eggplant leaves were evaluated after 3, 6, 9 and 12 leaf applications of these products. The calcium silicate and the organic mineral fertilizer reduced both the population of T. palmi and the damage caused by its nymphs, suggesting a possible increase in eggplant resistance to this pest as a result of the treatments.

Avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos em berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) cultivada sob diferentes potenciais de água no solo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Enxertia em híbridos de berinjela (Solanum melongena), sob cultivo protegido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Host specificity of Metriona elatior, a potential biological control agent of tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum, in the USA

The leaf beetle Metriona elatior from Brazil-Argentina was screened in the Florida (USA) State quarantine facility as a potential biological control agent of tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum, a recently arrived weed species. Multiple-choice host-specificity tests were conducted in small cages (60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm) using 95 plant species in 29 families. Adults fed heavily on the main target weed (S. viarum), and on turkeyberry, Solanum torvum (noxious weed of Asiatic origin); fed moderately on red soda apple, Solanum capsicoides (weed of South American origin), and eggplant, Solanum melongena (economic crop); and fed lightly on aquatic soda apple, Solanum tampicense (weed of Mexican-Caribbean-Central American origin), and on silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaeagnifolium (native weed widely distributed). M. elatior adults laid 84 to 97% of their egg masses on S. viarum, and 3 to 16% on S. melongena. Non-choice host-specificity tests were also conducted in quarantine in which M. elatior adults and neonate larvae were exposed to 17 and 19 plant species, respectively. Tests with the neonates indicate that this insect was able to complete its development on S. viarum, S. torvum, S. melongena, and S. capsicoides. Although some adult feeding and oviposition occurred on S. melongena in quarantine on potted plants in small cages, no feeding or oviposition by M. elatior was observed in field experiments conducted in Brazil. Surveys in unsprayed S. melongena fields in Argentina and Brazil indicated that M. elatior is not a pest of S. melongena in South America. The evidence obtained from the South-American field surveys, Brazil open-field experiments, and Florida quarantine host specificity tests indicate that M. elatior causes significant feeding damage to S. viarum, and does not represent a threat to S. melongena crops in the USA. Therefore an application for permission to release M. elatior against S. viarum in the USA was submitted in October 1998.

Improving the affinity of tomato grafted on Solanum torvum using an intermediate rootstock

Most of the interspecific rootstocks (Lycopersicum esculentum × L. hirsutum) used in grafted Spanish tomato crops are resistant to Meloidogyne nematodes, but the 'Mi' resistance gene does not work well at high soil temperatures. Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial disease usual in tropical areas, but recently identified with low incidence in several European countries. This disease could be controlled by grafting tomato on Solanum torvum, which is also resistant to Meloidogyne. However, S. torvum and tomato have low grafting affinity, which could be improved using an intermediate rootstock. Some cultivars of eggplant have a relatively good affinity with tomato and complete affinity with S. torvum. In this study we compared two tomato cultivars (one resistant to Verticillium dalihae, Fusarium oxysporum v. lycopersici race 2 and Meloidogyne spp., and one non-resistant) grafted onto 'Beaufort' (Lycopersicum esculentum × L. hirsutum), 'Torvum Vigor' (Solanum torvum) and also with an intermediate grafting of eggplant ('Cristal') between tomato and S. torvum, with nongrafted plants as controls. This arrangement was carried out in two cropping cycles (winter-spring and summer-autumn). In both cycles, plants grafted onto S. torvum, both single or double grafted, yielded less than those grafted onto 'Beaufort' or nongrafted plants. In the spring cycle, no differences were found between single and double-grafted plants using S. torvum rootstocks, but in the autumn cycle double grafted plants had higher yields than the single grafted plants. The severity of nematode infections, in terms of reducing yields, and/or hypothetical infections of Ralstonia, will determine the utility of this technique in tomato production.

Uso de hongos entomopatogenos para el control de mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci) en diferentes especies de plantas hospederas bajo condiciones de invernadero

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la influencia de diferentes cepas de hongos entomopatógenos para el control de mosca blanca en diferentes especies de plantas hospederas. El estudio se realizó en la Universidad Nacional Agraria entre los meses de Octubre 2010 a Febrero 2011. Los tratamientos consistieron en cuatro especies de plantas: Tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L) , Frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L ) , Pipián (Cucurbita mixta) y Berenjena (Solanum melongena). Los hongos entomopatógenos utilizados en el estudio fueron: Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Realizando un experimento con cada una de las cepas de hongos evaluados. Cada planta fue infestada con 15 parejas de adultos de mosca blanca, obtenidas de una cría de mosca blanca en plantas de frijol. Cuando las ninfas alcanzaron el estado ninfa III, se procedió a la inoculación de los hongos. Para cada especie de planta se utilizó un testigo el que fue tratado con agua destilada. Los muestreos se realizaron cada 48 horas, iniciando 96 horas después de la aplicación de los hongos ento mopatógenos. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Número de huevos, número de ninfas, número de ninfas muertas y número de adultos emergidos. Las ninfas muertas se colocaron en cámara húmeda para propiciar el crecimiento del hongo, para su debida identificación. Se en contraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos y también hubo diferencias significativas entre fechas de muestreo. En general en las plantas de tomate se observó mayor mortalidad de ninfas. En plantas de tomate y frijol la mayor mortalidad de ninfas de B. tabaci fue causada por Metarhizium anisopliae cepa – NB. En plantas de Berenjena y Pipián Paecilomyces fumosoroseus cepa–Nic fue el que causó la mayor mortalidad de ninfas.Los tratamientos testigos Tomate, Frijol y Berenjena presentaron la menor mortalidad de ninfas. El mayor número de adultos emergidos se observó en el tratamiento Berenjena testigo y el menor número de adultos emergidos se presentó en tratamiento Pipián tratado con Beauveria bassiana cepa 114.

镉超积累植物的生态特征及污染耐性机理分析

在已发现的超积累植物中，镉超积累植物种类较少，对其重金属耐性及超积累机理的研究还未有突破性进展，这些植物金属耐性机理的描述对于镉污染土壤的植物修复研究是非常有意义的。本研究以镉超积累植物龙葵（Solanum nigrum L.）、球果蔊菜（Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell.）为研究对象，以茄子（Solanum melongena L.）和风花菜（Rorippa islandica (Oeder.) Borb.）为对照植物，描述了镉超积累植物污染耐性的生态特征，系统探讨了镉超积累植物的耐性机制。 （1）龙葵较茄子有更高的镉耐性及镉积累性；球果蔊菜较风花菜有更高的镉耐性及镉积累性，球果蔊菜茎部受抑制现象是实现其特异吸收和积累重金属的适应性反应，这种地上部营养物质的重新分配现象可能是球果蔊菜作为超积累植物独特的生态特征。 （2）龙葵根系中SOD和CAT活性及叶片中POD和CAT活性的协同作用在缓解镉积累引起的膜脂过氧化损伤中发挥着积极作用，球果蔊菜叶片SOD和CAT的协同作用在缓解镉积累引起的膜脂过氧化损伤中也发挥重要作用，可以推断龙葵、球果蔊菜体内抗氧化酶防御系统在其镉耐性中扮演重要的角色。 （3）镉的污染胁迫均能明显促进龙葵和球果蔊菜体内脯氨酸的积累，脯氨酸在其镉耐性及积累性中扮演着重要角色，其中叶片脯氨酸可能发挥着更大的作用。 （4）龙葵叶片中柠檬酸和乙酸含量的动态变化与其镉积累有关，球果蔊菜叶片中苹果酸和酒石酸含量的动态变化与其镉积累有关，有机酸可能在龙葵及球果蔊菜镉耐性及积累性中起到一定的作用，但高含量的有机酸并不是植物镉耐性和超积累性的主要原因。 （5）植物螯合肽可以作为植物镉超积累特征的生物指标，但植物螯合肽的合成并非镉超积累植物耐性的主要机制。

Classificação de hortaliças.

1999

Manuseio pós-colheita de berinjela.

2006

Determinação de espécies e de raças de isolados de Verticillium oriundos de diferentes Estados do Brasil.

2007

Doenças da berinjela no Brasil.

2011

Ocorrência de nematoide na cultura do jiló e berinjela

2013

Tratamiento de hipertrigliceridemia con terapia botánica y fibratos

Debido al aumento que ha venido presentado la práctica de la medicina tradicional en los últimos años, la OMS presenta en el 2003 la estrategia sobre la práctica de la medicina tradicional a los países en los cuales este tipo de medicina es más frecuente año tras año. Las plantas se han ido clasificando y han recibido denominación botánica, también han sido químicamente analizadas para poder distinguir sus componentes y diferenciar sus principios activos. Los Fibratos son fármacos utilizados ampliamente en la práctica clínica para la regulación de los lípidos y reducción del riesgo cardiovascular. A ellos se les atribuye una disminución promedio en los niveles de triglicéridos del 36%.

Host specificity of a Brazilian isolate of Alternaria cassiae (Cenargen CG593) under greenhouse conditions

Several Alternaria cassiae isolates were recovered from diseased sicklepod plants (Senna obtusifolia) in the southern regions of Brazil. A representative isolate (Cenargen CG593) was tested for its host range under greenhouse conditions. The fungus promoted symptoms in sicklepod, cassava (Manihot dulce), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) when tested at a spore concentration of 10(6) spores ml(-1). When the plants were inoculated with a suspension of 10(5) spores ml(-1) and held at a dew period of 12 h (cassava) or 18 h (tomato and eggplant), the plants showed symptoms of the disease, but they recovered and continued their normal vegetative growth. These results show that the fungus A. cassiae is safe to use for the control of S. obtusifolia under Brazilian conditions, because it did not cause excessive damage in the three plants tested.